This e-text includes characters that will only display in UTF-8(Unicode) file encoding:

If any of these characters do not display properly—inparticular, if the diacritic does not appear directly above theletter—or if the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraphappear as garbage, you may have an incompatible browser or unavailablefonts. First, make sure that the browser’s “character set” or “fileencoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8). You may also need to change yourbrowser’s default font.

In the section on Sanskrit origins, anusvara was printed as m̃(m with tilde). It has been changed in this e-text to ṃ(m with dot under) for more reliable display. Note also that ś iswritten as ç, ṣ as sh, and ṛ as ṛi.

Footnote 53 of the Introduction refersto “the peculiar vowel sound represented in Arabic by the letterain ... denoted by the Greek rough breathing”. The reference isto the glottal stop. It is represented in this e-text with a singleopening quote ‘ because this will display more reliably than the printedtext’s ‛ or ῾ (“Greek rough breathing”, equivalent to a “reversedhigh-nine” single quote).

A few typographical errors have been corrected. They are shown inthe text with mouse-hover popups. Hyphenization is as in theoriginal. Note that in modern written Malay, hyphens are generally notused except in duplications such as “siapa-siapa”.